In the era of digital technology, data security is no longer an option but a necessity. Personal photographs on work laptops, document scans on family computers, or confidential projects on flash drives can easily fall into the hands of unauthorized individuals. To reliably protect files, one does not need to be a cybersecurity expert. This guide explains how to set passwords for files, folders, and entire disks on Windows, macOS, and other systems.
According to experts, password protection addresses several practical issues, including shared device usage, securing confidential documents like passport scans and bank statements, and preventing accidental deletion by children. Furthermore, encryption ensures that even if a device is physically stolen, the data remains inaccessible to third parties. For Windows users, tools like BitLocker and encrypted archives (7-Zip) are recommended, while Apple users can utilize the built-in Disk Utility for encrypted disk images.
In Azerbaijan, digital security has become a priority as the country expands its e-government services and digital economy. The Electronic Security Service regularly issues warnings and guidelines to citizens to enhance personal cyber hygiene. Implementing these encryption methods aligns with global best practices for maintaining data integrity and privacy in an increasingly connected world. Experts emphasize that as digital transformation accelerates in Azerbaijan, individual responsibility for data protection remains a cornerstone of national cybersecurity.
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Why should we encrypt data?
Setting a password helps solve many practical problems:
- Shared device use: If family members or colleagues use the computer, it is important to hide personal files.
- Confidential documents: Passport scans, bank statements, and contracts should not be in open access.
- Protection from children: Children may accidentally delete important documents or access inappropriate content.
- Security during theft: Even if the device is physically stolen, encrypted data remains inaccessible.
Protection methods in Windows
There are several effective tools for protecting data in the Windows system:
- Encrypted archives: The simplest method is to archive the folder with programs like "7-Zip" or "NanaZip" and apply AES-256 encryption. It is recommended to select the "Encrypt file names" option when creating the archive.
- BitLocker: This is a built-in Windows technology designed to encrypt entire disks. It is available in Windows 10/11 Pro and Enterprise versions and can also be used for external disks and flash drives.
macOS and other platforms
Apple users can create encrypted disk images (.dmg) through the built-in "Disk Utility" program. This is the most reliable way to protect files on a Mac. For those looking for a cross-platform solution (Windows, macOS, Linux), the VeraCrypt program is recommended. This software allows for the creation of encrypted containers that provide a high level of security.
Protection of individual documents
Sometimes it is enough to protect only a specific file rather than an entire folder:
- Microsoft Office: Word, Excel, and PowerPoint documents can be protected using the "Encrypt Document" option from the "Info" menu.
- PDF files: It is possible to set an access password for PDF documents via Adobe Acrobat or various online services such as SmallPDF or ILovePDF.
Practical recommendations
Follow these rules for maximum security:
- Choose complex passwords: Use a combination of at least 12 characters, including uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special symbols.
- Use password managers: Programs like Bitwarden, 1Password, or KeePass will help you remember passwords.
- Save recovery keys: In systems like BitLocker, be sure to keep the recovery key in a safe place, such as cloud storage.
- Create backups: Always make copies of encrypted files to prevent data loss in case of corruption.
